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<channel>
	<title>John C. Wright&#039;s Journal</title>
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	<link>http://www.scifiwright.com</link>
	<description>Musings, Reasonings, Fancies, Drollery and Apologetics from honorary Houyhnhnm and Science Fiction Writer John C. Wright</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 20:21:26 +0000</lastBuildDate>
	<language>en</language>
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		<item>
		<title>When I went to go talk at Franciscan University</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/when-i-went-to-go-talk-at-franciscan-university/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/when-i-went-to-go-talk-at-franciscan-university/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 May 2012 20:21:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Only Posting a Link]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=5534</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[&#8230; I did not realize that it was the last time that prestigious institution would be allowed to offer insurance to its faculty. http://www.lifenews.com/2012/05/15/obama-mandate-forces-catholic-college-to-drop-insurance/ The world is attempting, and with nearly unopposed success, to drive all religion, especially Christians, and most especially Catholics, out of the public square. Our Elite Masters have been willing, in [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8230; I did not realize that it was the last time that prestigious institution would be allowed to offer insurance to its faculty.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.lifenews.com/2012/05/15/obama-mandate-forces-catholic-college-to-drop-insurance/">http://www.lifenews.com/2012/05/15/obama-mandate-forces-catholic-college-to-drop-insurance/</a></p>
<p>The world is attempting, and with nearly unopposed success, to drive all religion, especially Christians, and most especially Catholics, out of the public square. Our Elite Masters have been willing, in times past, to allow Christians to do the works of charity, care for the poor, see to the sick, educate the ignorant, free the slave.</p>
<p>But no longer.Charities not willing to help freed slaves have free abortions are defunded; institutions not willing to fund and celebrate aborticides, sterilization, contraception are being forced to give up their conscience and their rights of conscience or else give up their insurance.</p>
<p>It is not that these who are in need will have their needs filled by that secular church we call the State &#8212; that they will suffer does not come into the calculus of the compassionate and reality-based community. They want to smite their fathers, and we are a convenient stand-in. That is why the Church is being driven away.</p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>If any of you who like Science Fiction books</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/if-any-of-you-who-like-science-fiction-books/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/if-any-of-you-who-like-science-fiction-books/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 12 May 2012 22:20:37 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=5531</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Or any books for that matter, want to help the publishing industry from being bureaucrated to death, you may read the following letter, and send comments to the Department of Justice: http://aardvarknow.us/2012/05/09/letter-to-the-department-of-justice/ Anti-trust laws are anti-just. If you set your price even with your competitors, that is price fixing; if above, that is evidence of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Or any books for that matter, want to help the publishing industry from being bureaucrated to death, you may read the following letter, and send comments to the Department of Justice:</p>
<p><a href="http://aardvarknow.us/2012/05/09/letter-to-the-department-of-justice/">http://aardvarknow.us/2012/05/09/letter-to-the-department-of-justice/</a></p>
<p>Anti-trust laws are anti-just. If you set your price even with your competitors, that is price fixing; if above, that is evidence of monopoly due to market dominance; if below, that is evidence of predatory pricing.</p>
<p>Anti Trust Law was the Progressive Movement first, greatest, and most utterly illogical victory in legislation coming back to bite us.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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		<slash:comments>41</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>I cannot believe we are still having this discussion</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/i-cannot-believe-we-are-still-having-this-discussion/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/i-cannot-believe-we-are-still-having-this-discussion/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 11 May 2012 16:17:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/2007/11/i-cannot-believe-we-are-still-having-this-discussion/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Note: I had thought this topic long dead, as the title indicates. Since someone brought it up again, I reprint my previous thought on the subject, not seeing the need to add or subtract any words. A reader who, on other topics, I deem worthy of respect, has ventured the following comment in regards the [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Note: I had thought this topic long dead, as the title indicates. Since someone brought it up again, I reprint my previous thought on the subject, not seeing the need to add or subtract any words.</em></p>
<p>A reader who, on other topics, I deem worthy of respect, has ventured the following comment in regards the Iraqi war:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;When we invaded, freeing the Iraqi people was not anywhere near the top of the list of reasons given to the American public. Only after a succession of the original rationals turned out to be hogwash, did the administration start using the &#8220;promote democracy&#8221; argument.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>The implication here seems to be (I am not sure I get his point) that since the &#8220;promote democracy&#8221; argument was not argued vehemently at first, therefore the democracy in Iraq does not count as really &#8220;real&#8221;. He is intellectually aware of it, in some distant, numb way, but that is not where the spotlight of his reason and passion are focused: the spotlight is on Bush and Cheney, whom he regards as sinister figures, and he says these public figures were obviously not sincere in their desire to go to war for the right reasons, so we must not trust them now. Freeing people doesn&#8217;t &#8220;count&#8221; unless your motives were too pure to be slandered from the get-go. Or something. Actually, I don&#8217;t understand his point at all. So let us put that to one side for now.</p>
<p>If I did not have respect for this man, I would simply call him a liar. As it is, I will argue as if his recollection of the event leading up to the war are valid, and therefore he need only be told the facts of the matter to correct him.</p>
<p>He makes one statement of fact which can be proved wrong beyond a shadow of a doubt and to a moral certainty. The original rationale for the war is the same now as it has always been.</p>
<p>Since someone else has done the work for me, I will simply post his line of argument in full, saving my comment for the end.</p>
<p>Note particularly item 7, the argument to end the brutal repression of the Iraqi people; which is not only not at the bottom of the list, it is the second item after item 6, the argument of a threat from weapons of mass destruction.</p>
<p><span id="more-521"></span></p>
<p><a href="http://qando.net/archives/002062.htm">http://qando.net/archives/002062.htm</a></p>
<blockquote><p>With the end of the Iraq war, comes the question&#8230;was the war justified?</p>
<p>Of course, one must define the justification for war first.</p>
<p>Was it human rights? Was it terrorism? Was it WMDs all along, with the others justifications only claimed after the fact?</p>
<p>Well, there&#8217;s only one definitive answer, and it always suprises me that this is still debated. The justification for war has long been codified and official.</p>
<p>It is described in the October 10th, 2002 &#8220;<a href="http://www.usembassy.it/file2002_10/alia/a2101002.htm">House Joint Resolution Authorizing Use of Force Against Iraq</a>&#8220;, and it is quite clear.</p>
<p>We&#8217;ll list the justifications and see if they have been confirmed, or found wanting.</p></blockquote>
<div class="ljcut">
<blockquote><p>1: First justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas in 1990 in response to Iraq&#8217;s war of aggression against and illegal occupation of Kuwait, the United States forged a coalition of nations to liberate Kuwait and its people in order to defend the national security of the United States and enforce United Nations Security Council resolutions relating to Iraq;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Simple statement of fact. The UN resolution which authorized the Gulf War can be found <a href="http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/RESOLUTION/GEN/NR0/575/28/IMG/NR057528.pdf?OpenElement">here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion? Accurate</strong></p>
<p>2: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas after the liberation of Kuwait in 1991, Iraq entered into a United Nations sponsored cease-fire agreement pursuant to which Iraq unequivocally agreed, among other things, to eliminate its nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons programs and the means to deliver and develop them, and to end its support for international terrorism;</p></blockquote>
<p>As stated, Iraq accepted these terms on <a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/resolution687.htm">April 6th 1991</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>3: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the efforts of international weapons inspectors, United States intelligence agencies, and Iraqi defectors led to the discovery that Iraq had large stockpiles of chemical weapons and a large scale biological weapons program, and that Iraq had an advanced nuclear weapons development program that was much closer to producing a nuclear weapon than intelligence reporting had previously indicated;</p></blockquote>
<p>Statement of fact. <a href="http://www.mideastweb.org/iraqtimelineunscom.htm">These were the circumstances</a>throughout the inspections.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>4: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Iraq, in direct and flagrant violation of the cease-fire, attempted to thwart the efforts of weapons inspectors to identify and destroy Iraq&#8217;s weapons of mass destruction stockpiles and development capabilities, which finally resulted in the withdrawal of inspectors from Iraq on October 31, 1998;</p></blockquote>
<p>Iraqi intransigence with regards to the UN inspections is <a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/unscmdoc.htm">listed on the UN Website</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>5: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas in Public Law 105-235 (August 14, 1998), Congress concluded that Iraq&#8217;s continuing weapons of mass destruction programs threatened vital United States interests and international peace and security, declared Iraq to be in &#8216;material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations&#8217; and urged the President &#8216;to take appropriate action, in accordance with the Constitution and relevant laws of the United States, to bring Iraq into compliance with its international obligations&#8217;;</p></blockquote>
<p>The cited Public Law 105-235 can be found <a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&amp;filename=publ235.105&amp;directory=/diskc/wais/data/105_cong_public_laws">here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>6: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Iraq both poses a continuing threat to the national security of the United States and international peace and security in the Persian Gulf region and remains in material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations by, among other things, continuing to possess and develop a significant chemical and biological weapons capability, actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability, and supporting and harboring terrorist organizations;</p></blockquote>
<p>Here are specific and contested claims. Let&#8217;s examine them one by one:</p>
<p>a: &#8220;Iraq both poses a continuing threat to the national security of the United States and international peace&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>- Says who?<br />
Well, the UN said so in resolutions up to and <a href="http://ods-dds-ny.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N02/682/26/PDF/N0268226.pdf?OpenElement">including 1441</a>, where they say &#8220;Recognizing the threat Iraq&#8217;s noncompliance with Council resolutions and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles poses to international peace and security,&#8221;</p>
<p>The United States concluded such in 1998, when <a href="http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/001/725ildlo.asp">President Clinton said</a> &#8220;There is no more clear example of this threat than Saddam Hussein&#8217;s Iraq. His regime threatens the safety of his people, the stability of his region and the security of all the rest of us.&#8221;</p>
<p>The CIA concluded such in the <a href="http://www.globalsecurity.org/intell/library/reports/2002/nie_iraq_october2002.htm">2002 National Intelligence Estimate</a>, when it stated &#8220;Iraq probably would attempt clandestine attacks against the U.S. Homeland if Baghdad feared an attack that threatened the survival of the regime were imminent or unavoidable, or possibly for revenge. Such attacks&#8211;more likely with biological than chemical agents&#8211;probably would be carried out by special forces or intelligence operatives.&#8221;<br />
Tenet, who also said that Saddam was more likely to cooperate on attacks against the US as he grew stronger, <a href="http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/CIA/cia-tenet-031902.htm">later added</a> &#8220;Let me be clear: Saddam remains a threat.&#8221;</p>
<p>So, while there was <em>no</em> claim that Iraq was an <em>imminent</em> threat, there was broad consensus that Iraq was a &#8220;<a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020912-1.html">grave and gathering</a>&#8221; threat.</p>
<p>b: &#8220;&#8230;.remains in material and unacceptable breach of its international obligations&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>- Per <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/02110803.htm">Resolution 1441</a>&#8220;&#8230;Iraq remains in material breach of council resolutions&#8230;&#8221;.</p>
<p>c: &#8220;&#8230;continuing to possess and develop a significant chemical and biological weapons capability&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p>- Did Iraq do so? Let&#8217;s reference <a href="http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/2003/david_kay_10022003.html">the evidence</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>We have discovered dozens of WMD-related program activities and significant amounts of equipmentthat Iraq concealed from the United Nations during the inspections that began in late 2002.<br />
&#8230;&#8230;<br />
Reference strains of biological organisms concealed in a scientist&#8217;s home, one of which can be used to produce biological weapons.<br />
&#8230;..<br />
New research on BW-applicable agents, Brucella and Congo Crimean Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF), and continuing work on ricin and aflatoxin were not declared to the UN.<br />
&#8230;..<br />
With regard to biological warfare activities, which has been one of our two initial areas of focus, ISG teams are uncovering significant information &#8211; including research and development of BW-applicable organisms, the involvement of Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) in possible BW activities, and deliberate concealment activities. All of this suggests Iraq after 1996 further compartmentalized its program and focused on maintaining smaller, covert capabilities that could be activated quickly to surge the production of BW agents.</p></blockquote>
<p>Clearly, Iraq did continue to possess and develop significant chemical and biological weapons capability, in violation of the UN resolutions.</p>
<p>d: &#8220;&#8230;actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability,&#8221;</p>
<p>- Again, to <a href="http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/2003/david_kay_10022003.html">the evidence</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;With regard to Iraq&#8217;s nuclear program, the testimony we have obtained from Iraqi scientists and senior government officials should clear up any doubts about whether Saddam still wanted to obtain nuclear weapons. They have told ISG that Saddam Husayn remained firmly committed to acquiring nuclear weapons. These officials assert that Saddam would have resumed nuclear weapons development at some future point.<br />
&#8230;&#8230;<br />
Starting around 2000, the senior Iraqi Atomic Energy Commission (IAEC) and high-level Ba&#8217;ath Party official Dr. Khalid Ibrahim Sa&#8217;id began several small and relatively unsophisticated research initiatives that could be applied to nuclear weapons development. These initiatives did not in-and-of themselves constitute a resumption of the nuclear weapons program, but could have been useful in developing a weapons-relevant science base for the long-term.</p></blockquote>
<p>This justification is less clear than the preceding. It appears that Saddam had an ongoing <em>interest</em> in a nuclear program, and had maintained programs for turning that interest into a program and some point in the future. It is <em>not</em> clear that he had taken material steps toward acquiring those items necessary to actually <em>build</em>a nuclear weapon.</p>
<p>e: &#8220;&#8230;and supporting and harboring terrorist organizations&#8221;</p>
<p>- The list of State Sponsors of terrorism has not changed since 1993, and <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/2002patterns/statesponsor.htm">Iraq remains on that list</a>.</p>
<p>It was also the judgment of the world that Iraq continued to support terrorism, <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/02110803.htm"> per Resolution 1441</a> , which states &#8220;Deploring also that the Government of Iraq has failed to comply with its commitments pursuant to resolution 687 (1991) with regard to terrorism&#8230;&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Largely accurate</strong><br />
***The only justification, among those cited in item #6, that can be questioned is the claim that Iraq was actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability. It is not clear, with publicly available evidence, that Iraq was doing so&#8230;although such cannot be ruled out, yet. Certainly Iraq was maintaining the potential to regain the capability.</p>
<p>7: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Iraq persists in violating resolution of the United Nations Security Council by continuing to engage in brutal repression of its civilian population thereby threatening international peace and security in the region, by refusing to release, repatriate, or account for non-Iraqi citizens wrongfully detained by Iraq, including an American serviceman, and by failing to return property wrongfully seized by Iraq from Kuwait;</p></blockquote>
<p>- This is a no-brainer. According to human rights groups, the Iraqi government was oppressing its people.<br />
<a href="http://www.hrw.org/wr2k3/mideast4.html">Human Rights Watch</a> says:</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;The Iraqi government continued to commit widespread and gross human rights violations, including the extensive use of the death penalty and the extrajudicial execution of prisoners, the forced expulsion of ethnic minorities from government-controlled areas in the oil-rich region of Kirkuk and elsewhere, the arbitrary arrest of suspected political opponents and members of their families, and the torture and ill-treatment of detainees.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
</blockquote>
<p>The <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/1940050.stm">UN agreed</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Iraq has been condemned by the United Nations&#8217; top human rights body for conducting a campaign of &#8220;all pervasive repression and widespread terror&#8221;.</p></blockquote>
<p>Post-war <a href="http://www.philly.com/mld/dailynews/6153325.htm">findings</a> once again <a href="http://cpa-iraq.org/human_rights/mass_graves.html">vindicate</a> this <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/from_our_own_correspondent/newsid_2058000/2058253.stm">claim</a>, while <a href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/worldview/story/0,11581,742303,00.html">debunking the myth</a>that the suffering was &#8220;caused by the sanctions&#8221;.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>8: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its capability and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction against other nations and its own people;</p></blockquote>
<p>- A clear <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/timeline2.htm">citation of history</a>.<br />
Specific instances&#8230;&#8230;.&#8221;1986 March &#8211; UN Secretary General reports Iraq&#8217;s use of mustard gas and nerve agents against Iranian soldiers, with significant usage in 1981 and 1984.&#8221; and &#8220;1988 March 16 &#8211; Iraq attacks the Kurdish town of Halabjah with mix of poison gas and nerve agents, killing 5000 residents.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>9: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the current Iraqi regime has demonstrated its continuing hostility toward, and willingness to attack, the United States, including by attempting in 1993 to assassinate former President Bush and by firing on many thousands of occasions on United States and Coalition Armed Forces engaged in enforcing the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council;</p></blockquote>
<p>- The attempted assassination of former President Bush, in 1993, is a <a href="http://www.fas.org/irp/news/1993/930626b.htm">matter of record</a>, as is <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/iraq/timeline/062793.htm">President Clintons response</a>.</p>
<p>- The attacks on US/Coalition planes enforcing the No-Fly zones is also a <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/meast/9812/29/iraq.02/">matter of record</a>. These attacks constituted a violation of UN resolution requirements, whichbrequired Iraq to cooperate with the UN resolutions, and which expressly prohibited Iraq from <a href="http://www.state.gov/p/nea/rls/15016.htm">taking or threatening</a> any &#8220;hostile acts directed against any representative or personnel of the United Nations or the IAEA or of any Member State taking action to uphold any Council resolution.&#8221;</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>10: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas members of al Qaida, an organization bearing responsibility for attacks on the United States, its citizens, and interests, including the attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, are known to be in Iraq;</p></blockquote>
<p>- This is a two-parter.<br />
Were Al Qaeda members known to be in Iraq, prior to the war, andwere those claims justified by post-war evidence?</p>
<p>Claims:<br />
a: The Powell-cited <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/04/27/iraq/main551246.shtml">case of Abu Mussab Zarqawi</a>, who sought medical treatment in Baghdad.<br />
b: <a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0315/p01s04-wome.html">Ansar Al-Islam</a> operated out of Northern Iraq, out of Saddam&#8217;s immediate control, but without any attempt to quell their operations.<br />
c: Powell also claimed that &#8220;<a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/text2003/0129pwl.htm">There have been contacts over the years</a>&#8230;.&#8221; between Iraq and Al Qaeda.</p>
<p>Post-War:<br />
a: Regarding <a href="http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2003/04/27/iraq/main551246.shtml">Abu Mussab Zarqawi</a>&#8230;..</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;U.S. forces near Baghdad have captured a man they describe as a midlevel terrorist operative with links to al Qaeda, a counterterrorism official said.<br />
The operative, whose name was not provided, works for Abu Musab Zarqawi, a senior associate of Osama bin Laden&#8230;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>b: Regarding <a href="http://vikingphoenix.com/public/rongstad/military/terrorism/raid_ansar_al-qaida.htm">Ansar Al-Islam</a>&#8230;.</p>
<blockquote><p>Evidence has been found in the Kurdish-controlled regions of northern Iraq that the Islamic militant group Ansar al-Islam was working on three types of chlorine gas and ricin and has ties to Al Qaeda&#8230;.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>c: Regarding the claimed <a href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2003/04/27/walq27.xml">contacts between Iraq and Al Qaeda</a>:</p>
<blockquote><p>Iraqi intelligence documents discovered in Baghdad by The Telegraph have provided the first evidence of a direct link between Osama bin Laden&#8217;s al-Qa&#8217;eda terrorist network and Saddam Hussein&#8217;s regime.Papers found yesterday in the bombed headquarters of the Mukhabarat, Iraq&#8217;s intelligence service, reveal that an al-Qa&#8217;eda envoy was invited clandestinely to Baghdad in March 1998.</p></blockquote>
<p>There is also <a href="http://www.techcentralstation.com/092503F.html">this article</a>, full of additional connections.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong><br />
While individual charges <a href="http://observer.guardian.co.uk/international/story/0,6903,915142,00.html">may</a>, or <a href="http://www.anti-war.net/newsnotes/newsnotes.2003-09-21.html">may not</a>, turn out to be accurate, that is within the normal range of intel-reliability. However, the post-war findings are quite conclusive that the charge, itself, was accurate.</p>
<p>11: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Iraq continues to aid and harbor other international terrorist organizations, including organizations that threaten the lives and safety of United States citizens;</p></blockquote>
<p>- Reference <a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/2002/0402/p01s03-wome.html">Iraqi support</a> of <a href="http://www.terrorismanswers.com/sponsors/iraq.html">terror organizations</a>, which has been <a href="http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2002/cfr/stories/iraq/">widely ackowledged</a> for a <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/text2003/0430trrpt.htm">decade or more</a>.</p>
<p>Many of these groups and terrorists have been <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&amp;start=1&amp;q=http://www.cnn.com/2003/WORLD/meast/04/15/sprj.irq.abbas.arrested/&amp;e=747">caught</a> or <a href="http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/iraq/2003-03-26-northern-iraq_x.htm">killed</a> since the war.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>12: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the attacks on the United States of September 11, 2001, underscored the gravity of the threat posed by the acquisition of weapons of mass destruction by international terrorist organizations;</p></blockquote>
<p>- Hard to explain this one. Either you get it, or youdon&#8217;t.<br />
Bush confirmed <a href="http://www.google.com/url?sa=U&amp;start=6&amp;q=http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/09/20030925-8.html&amp;e=747">that 9/11</a>&#8220;changed my calculation&#8221;.</p>
<p>This is not to say that the authorization claimed revenge as justification. It simply underscored the danger of allowing nations, like Iraq, to freely maintain WMD capability and support terror.</p>
<p>Notable figures like John Kerry, Tom Daschle, Hillary Clinton, Joe Lieberman and others <a href="http://www.rightwingnews.com/quotes/demsonwmds.php">concurred in that assessment</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate, albeit opinion</strong></p>
<p>13: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Iraq&#8217;s demonstrated capability and willingness to use weapons of mass destruction, the risk that the current Iraqi regime will either employ those weapons to launch a surprise attack against the United States or its Armed Forces or provide them to international terrorists who would do so, and the extreme magnitude of harm that would result to the United States and its citizens from such an attack, combine to justify action by the United States to defend itself;</p></blockquote>
<p>- The capability, willingness and risk has already been discussed above.<br />
The magnitude of the harm of such an attack would depend on the nature of the attack, of course.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate, still</strong></p>
<p>14: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) authorizes the use of all necessary means to enforce United Nations Security Council Resolution 660 (1990) and subsequent relevant resolutions and to compel Iraq to cease certain activities that threaten international peace and security, including the development of weapons of mass destruction and refusal or obstruction of United Nations weapons inspections in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 (1991), repression of its civilian population in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 (1991), and threatening its neighbors or United Nations operations in Iraq in violation of United Nations Security Council Resolution 949 (1994);</p></blockquote>
<p>- Simply a recitation of relevant documents.<br />
Review <a href="http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0678.htm">678</a>, <a href="http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0660.htm">660</a>, <a href="http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0687.htm">687</a>, <a href="http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0688.htm">688</a> or <a href="http://www.fas.org/news/un/iraq/sres/sres0949.htm">949</a>to verify.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>15: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas in the Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102-1), Congress has authorized the President &#8216;to use United States Armed Forces pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 678 (1990) in order to achieve implementation of Security Council Resolution 660, 661, 662, 664, 665, 666, 667, 669, 670, 674, and 677&#8242;;</p>
<p>Whereas in December 1991, Congress expressed its sense that it &#8216;supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 687 as being consistent with the Authorization of Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution (Public Law 102-1),&#8217; that Iraq&#8217;s repression of its civilian population violates United Nations Security Council Resolution 688 and &#8216;constitutes a continuing threat to the peace, security, and stability of the Persian Gulf region,&#8217; and that Congress, &#8216;supports the use of all necessary means to achieve the goals of United Nations Security Council Resolution 688&#8242;;</p>
<p>Whereas the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998 (Public Law 105-338) expressed the sense of Congress that it should be the policy of the United States to support effortsto remove from power the current Iraqi regime and promote the emergence of a democratic government to replace that regime;</p></blockquote>
<p>- A citation of the 1991 authorization and for war against Iraq, a supporting resolution, and the Iraq Liberation Act of 1998.<br />
Review transcript <a href="http://www.uiowa.edu/%7Ec030162/Common/Handouts/War/PersianGulf.htm">of authorization here</a>, <a href="http://www.fas.org/spp/starwars/congress/1991/s910802-iraq.htm">supporting resolution here</a>, and the <a href="http://www.fcnl.org/issues/int/sup/iraq_liberation.htm">Iraq Liberation Act here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>16: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas on September 12, 2002, President Bush committed the United States to &#8216;work with the United Nations Security Council to meet our common challenge&#8217; posed by Iraq and to &#8216;work for the necessary resolutions,&#8217; while also making clear that &#8216;the Security Council resolutions will be enforced, and the just demands of peace and security will be met, or action will be unavoidable&#8217;;</p></blockquote>
<p>- A citation of a speech given by Bush, to the UN, on <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/09/20020912-1.html">September 12th, 2002</a>.<br />
It is important to note that Bush made it clear that we were not just dedicating ourselves to renewed inspections, or renewed negotiations, but to actual action&#8230;.either on Iraq&#8217;s part, or, absent that, our own.</p>
<p>Some now claim the October 2002 resolution was just a profession of &#8220;support for the Security Councils decisions&#8221;&#8230;.one should remind them of this speech, nearly a month ahead of that resolution, in which Bush said &#8220;But the purposes of the United States should not be doubted. The Security Council resolutions will be enforced &#8212; the just demands of peace and security will be met &#8212; or action will be unavoidable.&#8221;<br />
It was clear to everybody that the only outcome was full and immediate compliance. It was for Iraq, alone, to decide whether that would be voluntary or forced compliance.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>17: Next justification</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the United States is determined to prosecute the war on terrorism and Iraq&#8217;s ongoing support for international terrorist groups combined with its development of weapons of mass destruction in direct violation of its obligations under the 1991 cease-fire and other United Nations Security Council resolutions make clear that it is in the national security interests of the United States and in furtherance of the war on terrorism that all relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions be enforced, including through the use of force if necessary;</p></blockquote>
<p>- Two controversial statements herein:</p>
<p>a: Iraq&#8217;s &#8220;development of weapons of mass destruction in direct violation of its obligations under the 1991 cease-fire&#8230;&#8221;<br />
- This had been going on <a href="http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/chronologyframe.htm">throughout the inspections</a> of the 90s, and <a href="http://www.cia.gov/cia/public_affairs/speeches/2003/david_kay_10022003.html">continued thereafter</a>, according to the Kay report, which notes &#8220;ISG teams are uncovering significant information &#8211; including research and development of BW-applicable organisms, the involvement of Iraqi Intelligence Service (IIS) in possible BW activities, and deliberate concealment activities&#8221; and &#8220;&#8230;ISG teams have developed multiple sources that indicate that Iraq explored the possibility of CW production in recent years, possibly as late as 2003.&#8221;</p>
<p>b: &#8220;it is in the national security interests of the United States&#8230;&#8221;<br />
- One might argue whether this is true, but this must be a decision made by those given responsibility to make that call. And did they decide such was the case?</p>
<p>The President, CIA, UN, and Congress have all affirmed this decision, in various<a href="http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/CIA/cia-tenet-031902.htm">statements</a>, <a href="http://g.msn.com/9SE/1?http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/02110803.htm&amp;&amp;DI=293&amp;IG=7eed3611-62ed-4fae-ae41-77fe857c81ae&amp;POS=2&amp;CM=DU&amp;CE=2">UN resolutions</a> and <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/regional/nea/iraq/text/1010res.htm">Congressional resolutions</a>.<br />
One may disagree with their judgments, but their authority was clear and due process was followed.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>18: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas Congress has taken steps to pursue vigorously the war on terrorism through the provision of authorities and funding requested by the President to take the necessary actions against international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organizations;</p>
<p>Whereas the President and Congress are determined to continue to take all appropriate actions against international terrorists and terrorist organizations, including those nations, organizations, or persons who planned, authorized, committed, or aided the terrorist attacks that occurred on September 11, 2001, or harbored such persons or organizations;</p></blockquote>
<p>- A citation of the <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/01091706.htm">Congressional authorization</a>for the war on terror.</p>
<p>Note: Authorization <em>includes</em> those responsible for 9/11, but is not <em>exclusive</em> to those responsible.<br />
Iraq, per preceding citations, was unequivocally a supporter of terrorism.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>19: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas the President has authority under the Constitution to take action in order to deter and prevent acts of international terrorism against the United States, as Congress recognized in the joint resolution on Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40);</p></blockquote>
<p>- A citation of the <a href="http://usinfo.state.gov/topical/pol/terror/01091706.htm">previous</a> <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2002/10/20021002-2.html">authorizations</a>.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>20: Next justification:</p>
<blockquote><p>Whereas it is in the national security interests of the United States to restore international peace and security to the Persian Gulf region:&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>- One can hardly argue that a peaceful Middle-East would not be in our national security interests.</p>
<p>President Clinton and Congress certainly believed Iraq constituted a threat when they passed<a href="http://frwebgate.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/useftp.cgi?IPaddress=162.140.64.21&amp;filename=publ235.105&amp;directory=/diskc/wais/data/105_cong_public_laws"> Public Law 105-235</a>, which stated &#8220;&#8230;Iraq&#8217;s continuing weapons of mass destruction programs threaten vital United States interests and international peace and security&#8221;.</p>
<p>President Clinton and Congress <a href="http://www.fcnl.org/issues/int/sup/iraq_liberation.htm">even voted to</a> &#8220;support efforts to remove the regime headed by Saddam Hussein from power in Iraq and to promote the emergence of a democratic government to replace that regime.&#8221;</p>
<p>Again, one may argue that this potential threat was not the case today, but the figures tasked with making that determination decided differently.</p>
<p><strong>Conclusion: Accurate</strong></p>
<p>Final Conclusions:<br />
The inescapable conclusion is that, with the sole exception of the claim that Iraq was &#8220;actively seeking a nuclear weapons capability&#8221;, the justification for war was completely accurate. And that claim has yet to besettled either way.</p>
<p>No facts subsequent to the war have proven any of the official justifications false.</p>
<p>Even the nuclear claim may be described as accurate depending on the extent to which Iraq is alleged to have &#8220;sought&#8221; the capability.</p>
<p>Me again: not only do I agree with the above assessment, I don&#8217;t even see wiggle-room whereby an informed and rational opinion can be held on the other side. You can say the above-given reasons are insufficient to justify the war, but you cannot say that the reasons were not given. Each one of these was propounded over and over again ad nauseam in the public press.</p>
<p>But let us say for the sake of argument that the entire war was hatched as a scheme for some sinister and ulterior purpose, such as to distract attention from the president&#8217;s coming impeachment, or to seize control of the world oil supplies in Alaska, or because the Moon People are controlling Area 51. Let us grant as moonbatty an assumption as you can find on the Internet.</p>
<p>Still. Let&#8217;s be serious. They voted in Iraq. It is a frivolous matter (for those who argue consequences justify deeds) to argue that the consequences in this case are regrettable because the administration had the wrong state of mind.</p>
<p>Still. They voted in Iraq. Let&#8217;s be serious.  The American soldier gave those women a chance to vote.</p>
<p>Now, granted, it all might blow up in their faces, and it surely will if we pull out now and abandon them to the death camps. It was only a vote or two. Or three. In bigger numbers than the last election in America. While the war with Saddam ended years ago, the war with the Jihadists will continue as long as they have hope and resources.</p>
<p>Our side will prevail if we do not run out of hope first. What do we need for hope? We need people to cheer for our side.</p>
<p>What should we say to our Leftist friends who can give only grudging love, or none at all, either to their own country, or to the people we saved?</p>
<p>Let me quote another who speaks more simply, and more from the heart, than I.</p>
<p><a href="http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/LrhsZ9IgzxQ&amp;amp;rel=1">http://youtube.googleapis.com/v/LrhsZ9IgzxQ&amp;amp;rel=1</a></p>
</div>
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		<title>What&#8217;s Wrong with the World?</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/whats-wrong-with-the-world/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/whats-wrong-with-the-world/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 19:20:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=2020</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This essay is in many parts What’s Wrong with the World Part I — Introduction What’s Wrong With The World Part II— Qualifications &#38; Definitions What’s Wrong With The World Part III —Illogical What’s Wrong With The World Part IV —Hypocritical What’s Wrong With The World Part V —More Hypocrisy— Four Puzzles What’s Wrong With [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>This essay is in many parts</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-i-%E2%80%94-introduction-2/">What’s Wrong with the World Part I — Introduction </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-ii%E2%80%94-qualifications-definitions/">What’s Wrong With The World Part II— Qualifications &amp; Definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-iii-%E2%80%94illogical/">What’s Wrong With The World Part III —Illogical</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-iv-%E2%80%94hypocritical/">What’s Wrong With The World Part IV —Hypocritical</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-v-%E2%80%94more-hypocrisy%E2%80%94-four-puzzles/">What’s Wrong With The World Part V —More Hypocrisy— Four Puzzles</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-v-%E2%80%94vicious/">What’s Wrong With The World Part VI —Vicious </a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-vi%E2%80%94-ignorant/">What’s Wrong With The World Part VII— Ignorant</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-vii%E2%80%94more-ignorance-%E2%80%94-the-parochialism-of-the-enlightened/">What’s Wrong With The World Part VIII—More Ignorance — The Parochialism of the Enlightened</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-viii%E2%80%94more-ignorance-%E2%80%94-a-digression-on-intolerance/">What’s Wrong With The World Part IX—More Ignorance — A Digression on Intolerance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-ix%E2%80%94more-ignorance%E2%80%94a-digression-on-ingratitude/">What’s Wrong With The World Part X—More Ignorance—A Digression on Ingratitude</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-x%E2%80%94more-ignorance%E2%80%94the-necessity-of-ignorance/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XI—More Ignorance—The Necessity of Ignorance</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xi%E2%80%94barbaric/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XII—Barbaric</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xii%E2%80%94more-barbarism%E2%80%94paranoia/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XIII—More Barbarism—Paranoia</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xii%E2%80%94more-barbarism%E2%80%94loss-of-authority/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XIV—More Barbarism—Loss of Authority</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xiii%E2%80%94craven/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XV—Craven</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/04/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xiv-%E2%80%94ugly/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XVI —Ugly</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xiv%E2%80%94foolish/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XVII—Foolish</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xv%E2%80%94more-folly%E2%80%94the-role-of-science/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XVIII—More Folly—The Role of Science</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xvi%E2%80%94confused/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XIX—Confused</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xvii%E2%80%94more-confusion%E2%80%94seven-deadly-sins/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XX—More Confusion—Seven Deadly Sins</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xviii%E2%80%94more-confusion%E2%80%94the-role-of-incoherence/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XXI—More Confusion—The Role of Incoherence</a></li>
<li><a href="http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xix%E2%80%94conclusion%E2%80%94the-mother-of-reason/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XXII—Conclusion—The Mother of Reason</a></li>
</ul>
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		<slash:comments>11</slash:comments>
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		<title>My Instinct is to say the Morality is not Instinctive</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/my-instinct-is-to-say-the-morality-is-not-instinctive/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/my-instinct-is-to-say-the-morality-is-not-instinctive/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 08 May 2012 05:34:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=5516</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Part of an ongoing conversation: wrf3 writes &#8220;I hold to the rules of logic &#8230; because without them communication with others is impossible, and because they are required for coherence with the natural world. In other words, if I want my bridges to keep standing, there are certain mathematical forms that I must follow. If [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Part of an ongoing conversation:</p>
<p>wrf3 writes</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;I hold to the rules of logic &#8230; because without them communication with others is impossible, and because they are required for coherence with the natural world. In other words, if I want my bridges to keep standing, there are certain mathematical forms that I must follow. If I want to talk to you, there are also certain forms that I must follow.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Very good: do you also want to be honest with me when you talk to me? Do you want me to be honest to you? Do you want to be honest to yourself in your own thinking when you use the rule of logic on logical propositions, or when communicating, or when building bridges? Because you could of course choose to deceive yourself, use rhetoric rather than logic, communicate lies and nonsense, and let the bridges fall.</p>
<p>My question specifically is about this conversation. Do you want me to be honest with you when we discuss this matter, to tell the truth, not to play rhetorical tricks or change the subject, and not to pretend I have won the debate if I lost it?</p>
<p>If so, what it is you are wanting when you want that?</p>
<p>I submit that what you are wanting is that I adhere to a moral standard we both tacitly acknowledge as having authority over us. Since I did not make it up and neither did you, and I never agreed to it and neither did you, the common sense conclusion is that it is not manmade. Since this rule applies no matter what the laws of physics are, it is not a rule deduced from any empirical perception, any more than the rules of logic or math.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;We generally think it is wrong to break one’s word because that is uncooperative behavior and we, as a species, realize that our biology works better when we cooperate&#8230;&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>So, if I were a Martian, or a ghost, or a robot, or some other creature with a slightly different or very different biology, would it be morally right for me to break my word in that circumstance?</p>
<p>What makes you think the biological origins are inventing something rather than perceiving something? My eye is a biological organ, but it perceives light, it does not create light.</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;You’ve taken a biological fact and enshrined it in mysticism, because you don’t understand the underlying mechanism.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>My theory about the origins of the perception of the moral order of the universe has not the slightest hint mysticism to it. Puh-lease.</p>
<p>But, even granting your argument about the biological origins of morality, what makes you think that cheating at chessgames is not a Darwinian survival trait?</p>
<p><span id="more-5516"></span></p>
<p>One would think that games existed only so recently in cosmic history, and to be so unrelated to survival chances, that there was no time for a natural selection for good sportsmanship to develop any statistically significant numbers in any particular bloodlines?</p>
<p>(Also, which bloodlines are prone to cheating? Blacks? Jews? Chinese? By your theory, scientists should discover the good sportsman gene, find out which races have it, and sports clubs, for their own self protection, expel any members with that gene, since, by your account, they have no moral rule to follow aside from what that gene programs them to do.)</p>
<p>Or are you saying that, due to a natural selection pressure for cooperation and altruism and honesty, men are naturally and instinctively honest the same way birds are naturally able to fly and build nests? If so, the theory does not fit the observed facts: there were four murders in my local newspaper today, and lies in every section of the paper except the sports section.</p>
<p>Ah, but if you argue that Darwinian selection also selects for non-cooperation and dishonesty, then all we are left with is a statement that humans both have a dishonest instinct and an honest instinct. In my example above, where we agree to a chessgame, and I break my word, and we did not agree to a rule that I ought not break my word, what is the source of any objection you might make to my behavior if I lie?</p>
<p>If you (in the hypothetical) say to me, &#8220;But we agreed to the rules that this game would not allow castling, and you broke our agreement&#8221; and I say, &#8220;But we did not agree to the rule that I should not break agreements,&#8221; your response cannot be, &#8220;But the laws of Darwin say that you should have an instinctive desire to be honest, ergo to be cooperative, ergo to be a good sport,&#8221; because then two things will happen: (1) I will say &#8220;But the laws of Darwin also equip me with an instinct for aggression and deception &#8212; what makes the Darwinian law of dishonesty more imperative than the Darwinian law of cooperation?&#8221; (2) I will break your skull with the jawbone of a smilodon, kill your child and eat his brains, and drag your widow off to my cave and father ten children on her, so that I win the Darwinian competition for survival and reproduction.</p>
<p>Just kidding. I would not actually do that. For one thing, you might be spry and strong. For another thing, you cannot actually believe that the Darwinian struggle bestows any authority on my instincts to make them the legislator of rules I ought to obey whether I am inclined to obey or not, because by that logic, Ghenjis Khan is the most moral man of all time, since his selfish genes can be found spread farther and wider than any other man known to history.</p>
<p>Which leads to my final question. Consider my hypothetical of the two chessplayers. I won&#8217;t you me and you as an example, so let us call them Spassky and Kasparov. They agree to play a variation of chess where no castling is allowed. In the ninth move, Kasparov castles. There was no formal agreement to the a stated rule that both men should keep their word.</p>
<p>Do you agree that Kasparov has a general obligation to be honest, and that breaking his word is a violation of that imperative?</p>
<p>If so, the would the obligation exist if, bitten by a radioactive spider, the genes controlling Kasparov&#8217;s instinct for cooperation were marred, so that they no longer influenced his glands and nervous system?</p>
<p>In other words, if morality has a biological basis, once the organ or gene or physical substratum creating the instinct fails, is the moral obligation gone?</p>
<p>If so, then in what why is following a moral rule different from following a natural inclination or instinct? Are there two instincts, one governing selfish and dishonest desires, and the other governing tribal and social interactions which urges selflessness and honesty? If there are two instincts, on what grounds do we chose what we ought to do?</p>
<p>If not, then there are situations where a man ought to obey certain moral rules despite the lack of an instinct to obey them. In the situations where the instincts are giving us shortsighted or wrong information, on what grounds do we chose what we ought to do?</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8220;But it’s possible to show what morality is and how it arises in a purely materialistic framework.&#8221;</p></blockquote>
<p>Not even slightly. All one can show is that, given an moral imperative, such as that a man ought to survive, certain secondary moral imperatives, such as that such-and-such behavior, if it aids him to survive, therefore is also something he ought to do.  Such arguments assume what they are trying to prove.</p>
<p>Indeed, your argument would seem to imply that cheating at chess is bad because it hinders my survival rate. Let us suppose in our hypothetical that Spassky is sterile and Kasparov has twelve children and made donations to a sperm bank. No possible outcome of their chessgame, whether Kasparov cheats or not, has even the slightest effect on their survival and reproductive chances.</p>
<p>Please show me in what way the moral rules of the universe are arbitrary and manmade, like the rules of chess, and can be set aside by mutual agreement, like the rules of chess. Are the rules of logic arbitrary and manmade? Spassky and Kasparov agree that it is morally correct to boil puppies alive and despoil the graves of their fathers, does this make it morally correct? Is it morally correct for them but not for others? Neither the puppies nor the dead can get a vote in this. Can the rules of morality be changed even for those who cannot participate in the process of making new rules?</p>
<p>You say</p>
<blockquote><p>&#8230; Tacit agreement to have an honest conversation on this topic is evidence that we recognize that cooperation is beneficial to both of us. The “Prisoner’s Dilemma”, when iterated, has higher payoffs over the long term when the players cooperate. It’s mathematical, based on biology.</p></blockquote>
<p>What do you mean when you say we both recognize that cooperation is beneficial to the both of us? Are you claiming that I am under no duty whatsoever to be honest with you in this conversation? Because I solemnly assure you that the payoff goes very much in the other direction. I will win both the admiration of my readers and a sense of cheap superiority by answering you in a Dawkins fashion, with rhetoric, lies, snappy answers, ad hominem, sarcasm, and bad comedy.</p>
<p>But even granting this highly dubious assertion, am I under a moral obligation to seek my own long term benefit? For, if I am not, what becomes of our tacit agreement?</p>
<p>Why should I be honest, when honesty is not cost effective, is clearly not pleasant in the short term, and most likely not pleasant in the long term? None of this produces in me an obligation to be honest, and none of this explains the primary and irreducible fact of psychology of which we are both aware: you and I both, as moral men, are aware of times when the moral imperative is not in our best interest, long or short, or even the group&#8217;s best interest.</p>
<p>I would not kill an innocent child to save a tribe, even if it were my own tribe. I would not shove an old lady past childbearing years out of a lifeboat to make room for myself, even if she were not a blood relation.  All civilized men would agree with these examples.</p>
<p>You either have to find a different basis for morality than the prisoner&#8217;s dilemma, math, biology, or say that the civilized men in these examples are making the wrong moral choice. Or can you reconcile the two?</p>
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		<title>What’s Wrong With The World Part XXII—Conclusion—The Mother of Reason</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xix%e2%80%94conclusion%e2%80%94the-mother-of-reason/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xix%e2%80%94conclusion%e2%80%94the-mother-of-reason/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 20:11:28 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=2081</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Conclusion—The Mother of Reason If Reason herself, armed like a goddess with the lightning and Medusa-headed hoplon of the chaste Minerva, cannot smite nor deflect nor defeat the Cthulhian indignity, ugliness, insanity and inanity of the modern rebellion against life, liberty, nature, and reason what, then, is to be done? If, as every Christian man [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Conclusion—The Mother of Reason</h3>
<p>If Reason herself, armed like a goddess with the lightning and Medusa-headed hoplon of the chaste Minerva, cannot smite nor deflect nor defeat the Cthulhian indignity, ugliness, insanity and inanity of the modern rebellion against life, liberty, nature, and reason what, then, is to be done?</p>
<p>If, as every Christian man since the First Century has believed, we live in the Last Days, and that mere months or moments separate us from the Second Coming, the only thing to be done is to carry on through the remaining fragment of time with the cheerful stoicism expected of saints and martyrs.</p>
<p>In such a case, the only thing to do is to await in joyful hope for the Deus ex Machina and then the curtain to be lowered on the stage of the tragic drama called Earthly history, so that we may join in the comical cast party held immediately after, shake hands with the Playwright, and gaze in wide-eyed, childlike wonder that the actors playing Hamlet and Laertes are not only not dead, but are the best of friends.</p>
<p>However, the cheerful stoicism with which Christian actors on the stage of the tragedy of Earthly history are expected to carry out our parts also includes that it is not our part to abandon the Earth to the foetid, chthonic and mephitic gargoyles of modernity: our part indeed is to drive them back into their sewers, holes and caves.</p>
<p>Joyous Christian stoicism requires hope and good cheer that gloomy pagan stoicism does not require. When all worldly evidence conspires to announce that the Age of Reason, so brilliantly begun, has ended with the Age of Unreason is upon us; Reason herself, her torch extinguished, sees no hope. But Christians do not limit their hope to worldly things, no more than the conquered peoples in Vichy France or Quisling Norway put their hopes in the Nazi occupier. There is something beyond Reason that supports her, and gives Reason her authority and power.</p>
<p>In my youth, I thought a return of the exiled philosophers would bring light to the darkened world; but I despaired, because if all lamps of thought and learning are smashed, and the Vestal fires of ancient tradition quenched, whence comes the fire to light to candle again?</p>
<p>The despair that in my youth clouded my wit was born of the simple error of cause and effect.</p>
<p><span id="more-2081"></span>As I mentioned above, to me it seemed as the world had gone insane at around the Victorian Age, deepening in insanity throughout the Great War, the Russian Revolution, and the modern intellectuals, as if afflicted with a case of St. Vitus’ Dance, seemed busily engaged in tearing away all the limbs and organs of the mind of man, as if eager to blind and lobotomize the world. At the time I regarded this as a revolt against modernity civilization, a rebellion against rationality.</p>
<p>I submit that my youthful prognosis was wrong and was too optimistic. If it were merely human reason that the modern world rejected, reason could cure it, because unreason is self-defeating and self-destructive, and reason enjoys such obvious advantages over unreason both for human felicity and human potency. Unreason is literally weak and powerless: to sweep it away, all that would be needed (so Ayn Rand might suggest) is a general strike by the rational men, the men of the mind, who could stand nonchalantly to one side, perhaps smoking a cigarette marked with a dollar sign, while the men of unreason destroyed themselves, and could emerge against after the shouting and dying was over to restore civilization on a rational basis.</p>
<p>As I said, too optimistic, if not utterly naïve. For I was an atheist in my youth, and during my bachelorhood and early fatherhood, and so I mistook against what it was that the modern world was rebelling. I dismissed Nietzsche because he was irrational, a polylogist,  a mystic, but I did not dismiss him because he was an atheist. I thought, as most atheists think, that faith in God and loyalty to the principle of logic and reasoning were mutually exclusive. St. Thomas Aquinas, had only I believed what I read in him, would have put me right: Logos, the Greek principle of Logic, as well as the Christian Word of God, is one and the same.</p>
<p>The moderns were not rebellion against reason. What philosopher can rebel against reason? They were rebelling against the thing from which Reason sprang. They were rebelling against the fountainhead, not the stream. It was Faith, the mother of Reason, who was the target of their incoherent ire. They were rebelling again God, and they had to rebel against Reason in order to make their Miltonian rebellion work.</p>
<p>Much as it will pain my atheist friends to hear this, the role of reason in the Western world was invented by the Greek, upheld by the Romans, and when those Romans became Christians, Reason was merged, melted and mated to the Christian religion so that one cannot accept Christ without excepting reason, and cannot accept Reason without accepting Christ.</p>
<p>Reason without Christ, if elevated to the sum and final Good of Man, leads to inhuman anger like Marx or inhuman selfishness like Ayn Rand, or inhuman angry selfishness like Dawkins, or inhuman inhumanity like Peter Singer.</p>
<p>These days, the only context in which the pagan sages and their work is viewed is through the restorations, writings and interpretations of the Christian saints. If the two were not linked, the Moderns would embrace Reason and reject Christ: and to be sure there are Deists and Objectivists who do. But their relative obscurity implies the position is a balancing act, difficult to maintain, almost ad hoc. The position of a Deist or an Objectivist, someone who worships the God of the Philosophers or who vows to live life for no other man, this is not a position leading to a sufficiently robust theory of ethics, politics, aesthetics and norms to serve real human beings as sufficient guides to duty and happiness in real life. No one in a sick bed calls for a Deist preacher to fly to his side, so that he might recite the Watchmaker Argument one last time.</p>
<p>The role of reason as an objective and authoritative instrument for determining true from false, certain from uncertain, makes sense and serves practical use in life in the context of Christian metaphysics.</p>
<p>In Christian metaphysics, we believe in an objective and rational creation created by an objective and rational Creator, who both designed Man and granted him the power of reason to deduce the unchanging moral and physical laws of creation; and designed the creation with moral and physical laws vulnerable to the mind and reason of man.</p>
<p>What other metaphysical system supports reason? Confucius is a pragmatic rather than abstract thinker, and speaks dismissively of metaphysics. He comes to the same pragmatic conclusions as a Machiavelli or a Hobbes, and deduces that the best way to rule the commoners is by iron law; Lao Tzu is mystical and will not even speak of the Way, since the Way that is spoken is not the Way; Buddha rejects the world as Maya, illusion, and seeks the answer to the world’s pain in the renunciation of the world, the retreat into the stillness of non-thought; al-Ghazali put paid to Avicenna’s thought or Averroes’ that cause and effect, or the objects of the created world, had their own unchanging and rational nature, but instead proposed a world as arbitrary as the Maya of the Buddhists, except it was the will of the incomprehensible Allah; and the various neopagans who pretend to follow the lore and wisdom on the classical thinkers are merely persons who adopt a Christian worldview but leave out Christ, or add a belief in reincarnation, or want a universe where magic is licit, or sexual deviance, but above all one where they are never criticized, judged, or condemned—the thoughts and writings of Aristotle and Plato, much less Marcus Aurelius or Epictetus, will not be found among the neopagans, but will be found among the Christians.</p>
<p>Modern metaphysics, to the degree that such a ragged collection of junk can be said to have one, speaks fondly of reason, when and only when it is a useful stick to beat the cur of Christianity, but then goes on to say:</p>
<p>(draw a deep breath)</p>
<p>…. the universe is incomprehensible or irrational or lacks cause and effect because science proves the universe exists in a noumenal realm of which we have no knowledge; man is incomprehensible or irrational because he is but a machine or a beast or an evolved creature who is merely occupying a waystation to the next step of evolution, the superman, the Moorlock, whose moral code we have no way to comprehend and no right to judge … Science has disproved free will, and hence neither man nor superman actually has a moral code and sexual perversions are determined by genetic defects, therefore to condemn or judge any person on a moral and ethical ground is immoral and unethical and an abuse of your free will according to the non-laws of the non-universe … Meanwhile, reality is subjective and words have no innate or stable meaning, therefore reality is what the Party says it is, and words mean what the misinterpreter wants them to mean, not what the speaker means them to mean. Women are men and children are men and dogs and cats are men and everyone is a man except for men, who should act more loving soft, and girlish … Except that girls are men, so to use the word girlish to describe a feminine trait is an insult … Except that all cultures are relative, all words mean nothing, so that there is no standard of chivalry decency or courtesy we enlightened must uphold; except that political correctness trumps factual correctness, so that there are very strict and very ruthlessly enforced and utterly arbitrary standards of courtesy that we define according to real or imaginary offenses that victimized hence morally superior victim-groups can define; and we, the enlightened, not members of those groups, get to define what offends them on their behalf, whether they agree or know or not … And your brain is merely a collection of meaningless atoms thrown together by selfish genes, and your feelings of unselfishness are chemical influences distorting your thought, therefore proper moral conduct consists of abiding by altruistic and unselfish impulses, on the grounds that the self genes created them in order to propagate the species; and the first, highest, and only principle of human conduct is to screw as many partners of either sex as frequently and vehemently as possible, using birth control to ensure sterility, killing your children in the womb whenever convenience, angry boyfriends, or whim so dictates, and killing inconvenient old people as soon as they are either brain dead or might be an inconvenience to maintain. Such are the absolute yet relative moral commandments deduced and not deduced from the scientific principle of reproduction of the fittest, to be unselfishly and selfishly followed…</p>
<p>(whew) Need I go on? There is no role for reason in a nonsense world.</p>
<p>With no supernatural and no natural laws there is nothing for reason to reason about: no cause and effect and no free will, no human dignity, neither properties in the philosophical sense nor property in the legal sense, nothing but the endless whining of the endlessly selfish self-indulgent slaves of vice. If the world is meaningless, then everything in the world—life, logic, truth, justice, fairness, freedom, honesty, love, romance, dreams, ambitions, hopes, as well as ideas and ideals and science and the chaste goddess Reason herself—likewise is meaningless.</p>
<p>Now, to be sure, there are in the West still some Aristotelian philosophers who take no notice of Christianity: but in that case their view of the role of reason and their explanation of why it works tends to follow the Aristotelian, that is, the Christian view. Those moderns are not rebellion against reason, but are its advocates (albeit in a strictly limited way, since such will not admit the role of reasoning, say, in theological matters).</p>
<p>If the moderns are abandoning reason, but not in rebellion against reason, what do they rebel against? It may seem as if they are rebelling against life.</p>
<p>Ayn Rand was right that the followers of collectivism and communism are being driven to death, and that only a massive structure of lies could deceive the people into embrace a system that promises wealth and delivers misery. What she mistook was the source: no sane person actually wants to kill himself. The Progressives are not seeking suicide. The evil spirit that leads the Progressives, however, is trying to kill them. The Father of Lies was a murderer from the beginning.</p>
<p>We Christian men, and whatever allies we can find among men of good will in other faiths, or among atheists who adore the foundational concepts of liberty and law on which this nation is based, we are not fighting an alliance of Progressive fascists and Islamic fascists.  We are engaged in spiritual warfare with that same Dark Lord who has deceived the all the unwary sons of Eve, and now deceives all the addicts addicted to falsehood and envy and perversion and corruption. We struggle against principalities and powers of this world. The pagans and agnostic and Christ-bashers and intellectuals and screaming goofballs and sneering know-nothings are not our enemy, no more than a madman is the enemy of the doctor. The disease is the enemy. Darkness is the enemy, not those who are blind in the dark because they have thrown their lamps away.</p>
<p>Philosophy is the rational approach to life, but it is not life itself. Philosophy is the reflection on worldly and divine things, but it is not itself divine. Philosophy is the handmaiden of religion, but cannot (despite the comical attempts of the French Revolution to the contrary) be elevated to the status of religion itself. The attempts to make a philosophical principle the soul and center of life always end either in obscurity, as in Deism or Stoicism, or in horror, as in Communism.</p>
<p>When the American sense of life is found again, and placed on a correct footing, the Western philosophy will return to sanity.</p>
<p>Where is the tree of life? Where is life to be found?</p>
<p>Can anything bring life to a dead culture? When Egypt fell, she never rose again, and no new pyramids were reared, and no new hieroglyphs deciphered. Likewise Babylon, and the Empire of the Hittites. The Medes are no more found. Is there anyone, save for scholars, who speaks their languages or worships their gods? And of the Persians, how many Zoroastrians still light the sacred fires?</p>
<p>Ah, but there in the fires of the Magi we have a hint of light. Zoroastrians still read their ancient texts and worship the Wise Lord. That is the element of the ancient world that survives.</p>
<p>Judging from history, there is one and only one world civilization that fell into destruction and was resurrected without loss of its identity: and that is the Roman Empire, which shattered, suffered attack from Paynim and Norsemen and Nomad, collapsed to barbarism, but revived in the form of a renaissant Christendom, and rose the greatness unsurpassed in the history of the world. The thing that revived Christendom was Christ.</p>
<p>The America has uniquely, several times in history, drawn back from the brink of destruction and returned to her foundational principles. She has shed the blood of tyrants and patriots, or led revivals of Christianity to astound Christendom and to appall the kingdom of Antichrist. Such could easily be in our future: the Progressive have already successfully aborted their children to the point where the demographics favors the followers of the faith of Abraham.</p>
<p>The cure of the world is not a return to philosophy. Philosophy will return once we return to Theology.</p>
<p>Even those who disbelieve, or despise the Church will in times to come realize that they have no palatable options but to support her, unless they want to support the yawning void of nihilism, the mindless love of violence and vice and self-indulgent self-destruction which is rapidly becoming the only other option. The void of nihilism is the gate to Hell.</p>
<p>That void is all that is left once the soul and once the philosophy of a civilization has been lost. It is a void of infinite darkness. Only an infinite Light can fill and vanquish it. And the gates of Hell shall not prevail against it.</p>
<address><strong>Cliche Came Out of its Cage</strong></address>
<address><strong>By C.S. Lewis</strong></address>
<p><em>1</em></p>
<p><em>You said &#8216;The world is going back to Paganism&#8217;.<br />
Oh bright Vision! I saw our dynasty in the bar of the House<br />
Spill from their tumblers a libation to the Erinyes,<br />
And Leavis with Lord Russell wreathed in flowers, heralded with flutes,<br />
Leading white bulls to the cathedral of the solemn Muses<br />
To pay where due the glory of their latest theorem.<br />
Hestia&#8217;s fire in every flat, rekindled, burned before<br />
The Lardergods. Unmarried daughters with obedient hands<br />
Tended it By the hearth the white-armd venerable mother<br />
Domum servabat, lanam faciebat. at the hour<br />
Of sacrifice their brothers came, silent, corrected, grave<br />
Before their elders; on their downy cheeks easily the blush<br />
Arose (it is the mark of freemen&#8217;s children) as they trooped,<br />
Gleaming with oil, demurely home from the palaestra or the dance.<br />
Walk carefully, do not wake the envy of the happy gods,<br />
Shun Hubris. The middle of the road, the middle sort of men,<br />
Are best. Aidos surpasses gold. Reverence for the aged<br />
Is wholesome as seasonable rain, and for a man to die<br />
Defending the city in battle is a harmonious thing.<br />
Thus with magistral hand the Puritan Sophrosune<br />
Cooled and schooled and tempered our uneasy motions;<br />
Heathendom came again, the circumspection and the holy fears &#8230;<br />
You said it. Did you mean it? Oh inordinate liar, stop.</em></p>
<p><em>2</em></p>
<p><em>Or did you mean another kind of heathenry?<br />
Think, then, that under heaven-roof the little disc of the earth,<br />
Fortified Midgard, lies encircled by the ravening Worm.<br />
Over its icy bastions faces of giant and troll<br />
Look in, ready to invade it. The Wolf, admittedly, is bound;<br />
But the bond wil1 break, the Beast run free. The weary gods,<br />
Scarred with old wounds the one-eyed Odin, Tyr who has lost a hand,<br />
Will limp to their stations for the Last defence. Make it your hope<br />
To be counted worthy on that day to stand beside them;<br />
For the end of man is to partake of their defeat and die<br />
His second, final death in good company. The stupid, strong<br />
Unteachable monsters are certain to be victorious at last,<br />
And every man of decent blood is on the losing side.<br />
Take as your model the tall women with yellow hair in plaits<br />
Who walked back into burning houses to die with men,<br />
Or him who as the death spear entered into his vitals<br />
Made critical comments on its workmanship and aim.<br />
Are these the Pagans you spoke of? Know your betters and crouch, dogs;<br />
You that have Vichy water in your veins and worship the event<br />
Your goddess History (whom your fathers called the strumpet Fortune).</em></p>
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		<title>The Law of Nature &#8212; parable of the poor sport</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/the-law-of-nature-parable-of-the-poor-sport/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/the-law-of-nature-parable-of-the-poor-sport/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 16:11:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Other]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=5513</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Part of an ongoing conversation: wrf3  writes: “Now, it seems to me you’re equivocating on what “Natural Law” means. On the one hand, you say that “Natural Law” is how men behave. If “Natural Law” were purely descriptive then I’d have no problem with this aspect of its use. But “Natural Law” is also used [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Part of an ongoing conversation:</p>
<p><strong>wrf3</strong>  writes:</p>
<div id="edit-comment75844">
<blockquote><p>“Now, it seems to me you’re equivocating on what “Natural Law” means. On the one hand, you say that “Natural Law” is how men behave. If “Natural Law” were purely descriptive then I’d have no problem with this aspect of its use. But “Natural Law” is also used in a prescriptive manner and it is with this usage that there’s a problem.”</p></blockquote>
<p>No, not at all. I did not use ‘natural law’ to mean a description of how men act. That is the discipline properly called history. I used ‘natural law’ to mean the moral order.</p>
<p>This is the way CS Lewis and writers in the West since the times of the Greeks has used the phrase. It does not refer to an empirical description of anything that can be perceived by the senses.</p>
<p>Let me ask you this. You yourself are aware of a moral order of some sort in the universe, because without such an awareness, you could not disapprove of illogical thinking or self deception or shoddy thinking. In other words, if there is no duty to be reasonable, to be fair, or to be honest, then there is no way you could disapprove OR EVEN IMAGINE DISAPPROVING of someone who was deceiving himself in his thinking. To chide someone for a breach of duty implies a belief that the duty exists.</p>
<p>Your argument, such as it is, is merely a verbal confusion. You are treating the word ‘nature’ to mean ‘empirical nature.’ But I direct your attention to your own loyalty to the duty to be honest, the duty not to deceive oneself. This duty has no mass, nor length, nor duration, nor candlepower, nor temperature, nor moles of substance, nor current. Hence it is not a physical thing. It is not perceived by the senses nor discovered any possible combination of sense impressions by induction nor deduction. Whence comes it?</p>
<p>The reason why I cannot answer your question is that I do not accept the unspoken premise that the word ‘nature’ is confined to material and empirical reality. Were that so, there could be no discussion of morality.</p>
<p>You mention in passing a test or rule to see if something is a moral imperative: you say that you and I both agree on it. But we are not legislators of the nature of reality. Morality is not a game like Chess.</p>
<p>If you and I sit down at the Chessboard we can agree that no one will be allowed to castle for this game, or that the bishops will start adjacent to the rooks, and knights adjacent to the King and Queen. We would be playing a variation of Chess, or Displacement Chess, but the rules would be binding on the two of us for the duration of the game, since that is what we agreed.</p>
<p>But suppose I found myself in a bad tactical position, and in order to improve my position, I castled my king. You could make two complaints against me: first, you could say that I had broken the rules of the variation of Chess to which we had agreed. Second, you could say that I had broken my word.</p>
<p>The first complaint, perhaps, I could answer like Hobbes, and say that the rules of Chess are arbitrary, and that I have as much authority to change them as any sovereign. But what of the second complaint? That men ought not to break their word is a moral primary known to all men above the age of reason. It is intuitive and undeniable knowledge. Even those who argue against it tacitly acknowledge it.</p>
<p>It is not, indeed it cannot be, an arbitrary rule enacted by the two of us binding on us only for so long we give our word to obey it, for if it were such a rule, no rules could ever bind anyone, since no one could be trusted to keep his word, including that particular form of keeping one’s word involved in agreeing to obey a rule during a game called sportsmanship.</p>
<p>If so, you and I, merely by tacitly agreeing to have an honest conversation on the topic we presently discuss, are ourselves evidence that a moral order, called ‘the natural law’, exists; and our knowledge of its existence is metaphysical rather than physical.</p>
<p>For this reason, your minor premise that the physical and empirical world must display a end goal in order for there to be a moral order in the world of ideas and ideals is a premise whose sense I do not see.</p>
</div>
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		<title>What’s Wrong With The World Part XXI—More Confusion—The Role of Incoherence</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xviii%e2%80%94more-confusion%e2%80%94the-role-of-incoherence/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xviii%e2%80%94more-confusion%e2%80%94the-role-of-incoherence/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 May 2012 20:09:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=2078</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Role of Incoherence The sum and substance of all this foregoing is that, for the Moderns, evil is good and good is evil. Virtue is vice. Ugliness is Beauty. Lies are Truth. Men are beasts and beasts are men; men are women; adults are children; chastity is indecent and indecency is decent. Everything is [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5>The Role of Incoherence</h5>
<p>The sum and substance of all this foregoing is that, for the Moderns, evil is good and good is evil. Virtue is vice. Ugliness is Beauty. Lies are Truth. Men are beasts and beasts are men; men are women; adults are children; chastity is indecent and indecency is decent. Everything is nothing and Nothing is all that there is. A is non-A.</p>
<p>The error here is fundamentally philosophical: the Modern Age is the first age in history with no metaphysical beliefs, aside, perhaps, from a self-contradictory and crude form of materialism.</p>
<p>Without a metaphysics, nothing else in philosophy coheres.</p>
<p><span id="more-2078"></span></p>
<p>Without a metaphysics, the very basics of human thought, such as the question of whether humans think are not, are clouded by doubt and debate. Things so painfully obvious that they cannot be denied are doubted if not denied outright.</p>
<p>In the meanwhile, things very doubtful indeed, if not disproven and exploded (such as a the theory that language shapes thought, ergo changing vocabulary is  socially useful and morally imperative way to produce harmony and peace; or such as the theory that diversity of nations and races each maintaining defiantly separatist loyalties only to its own members produces social harmony and sustains the common good) are not only noised about as if they are too obvious to discuss, they are enshrined in law, language, cult and custom: pious falsehoods held sacrosanct.</p>
<p>Philosophy cannot cure this. The modern age, lacking any metaphysical framework aside from half-broken and half-insincere pseudo-metaphysics of Marx and Freud and Nietzsche, leavened by  Hegelian misinterpretations of Darwin, lacks the ability to distinguish certain from uncertain, opinion from fact, sound conclusions from airy speculation. This of course includes conclusion about such questions as what is wrong with the world and whether and how it should be fixed. Reason, the only key heaven has provided us to unlock these chains of falsehood and idolatrous idiocy now enmeshing us, is the very key the modern man more vehemently throws as far away from himself as possible.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../2010/08/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xix%E2%80%94conclusion%E2%80%94the-mother-of-reason/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XXII—Conclusion—The Mother of Reason</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>What’s Wrong With The World Part XX—More Confusion—Seven Deadly Sins</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xvii%e2%80%94more-confusion%e2%80%94seven-deadly-sins/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/what%e2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xvii%e2%80%94more-confusion%e2%80%94seven-deadly-sins/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 May 2012 20:08:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Musings]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Reasonings]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=2074</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Seven Deadly Sins And what happens when each passion is left to advocate its own justification? Lust is sanctified and disguised as a rebellion against a mean-spirited and antiquated if not pernicious monogamy. I direct your attention to the list I mentioned above of the intellectuals who kept mistresses. Unnatural lust is sanctified as a [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h3>Seven Deadly Sins</h3>
<p>And what happens when each passion is left to advocate its own justification?</p>
<p><span id="more-2074"></span></p>
<p>Lust is sanctified and disguised as a rebellion against a mean-spirited and antiquated if not pernicious monogamy. I direct your attention to the list I mentioned above of the intellectuals who kept mistresses. Unnatural lust is sanctified as a Civil Right. Sexual excesses and sexual deviation is the new Black, and laws and customs which coerce conformity to chastity are the new Jim Crow, which the zealots of progress seek to abolish.</p>
<p>Envy is sanctified and disguised as concern for the children, or compassion for the poor, or for the conservation of the environment. The desire to punish the allegedly rich doctor and allegedly rich medical insurers for the sin of being rich is never far from the minds of the so-called reformers seeking to destroy the American Health Care industry.</p>
<p>Avarice for public money is sanctified as an appeal to fairness: each constituency demands, rather than asks, for largess from the public coffers as a matter of right. The absurdity of demanding rights in a world which, according to the intellectuals, contains neither right nor wrong, neither rights nor duties, needs no emphasis.</p>
<p>Wrath is sanctified and disguised as self-righteousness, that pompous and overbearing habit of the modern mind to substitute either loud screaming or a whispered set of sneering discourtesies for reasoned discourse. It is the prime and default condition of modern philosophy, particularly on the Left. Note the difference between the anger, the gushing anger, of a crooked figure like Nietzsche or Marx compared to the solemnity of Aristotle or the humility of Socrates, who did not even curse the city that poisoned him.</p>
<p>Gluttony is upheld by modern men both of the leftwing and the rightwing as the proper attitude toward accumulated worldly goods. The one exception is that socialists from time to time trot out a condemnation of gluttony in order to dispraise Capitalism; but since the doctrinaire socialist goes on to claim that socialism is more efficient and will more abundantly create and more widely distribute more and finer worldly  goods, the hypocrisy of the claim is pellucid. (Ironically, with the abundant death, poverty and general misery created by socialist schemes, one hears that claim of the superior economic efficiently of socialism more and more rarely unfurled these days—but since socialist claims are still being made, even the pretense that socialism is a theory of economics rather than a cultic belief in an atheist form of Calvinism is incrementally being dropped.) Nonetheless, the Left have more cause to boast than the Right on this one point: environmentalism, health concerns, the romance of living simply and closer to nature and vaguer spiritual concerns are often uttered by the Left as chides against gluttony. In the same way Wrath is the leitmotif of the Left, Gluttony is the leitmotif of the Right.</p>
<p>Sloth is sanctified and disguised as self-discovery and spontaneity. Just do it. The Moderns excuse and even condone when mothers walk away from husband and children to seek their own personal form of happiness and satisfaction. The routine drudgery of office and field work likewise is despised by modern males, to whom only recreation and preferably drunken recreation offers reward. The Puritan idea of sanctification through hard work is antithetical to the modern apotheosis of the passions. Hard work is inauthentic.</p>
<p>Pride is sanctified as self-esteem, which I discussed above. The absurdity of raising children to play games where there can be no winners and no losers, or the folly of lowering standards to admit women in the military or on to squads of firefighters when such women have not demonstrated the physical capacity to perform the task, or again the folly of replacing a system that rewards race or minority status rather than rewarding merit and hard work, all are manifestations of the passions of self-aggrandizement called pride. We are not talking about pride of workmanship nor pride of accomplishment: we are talking about that passion, never far from the surface of the human mind, to claim the rewards due another on the grounds of self-love, to exclude all others from praise and consideration, to absorb the attention and glory and direct it toward one’s own vanity.</p>
<p>And, of course, the same process works in reverse. The Modern mind not only sanctifies the profane, it profanes the sacred.</p>
<p>Humility, the adverse of Pride, is condemned as a psychologically unhealthy and unsightly lack of self-esteem. Moderns are supposed to give each man to himself that same adoration ancient pagans paid to demigods—but of course, freed from the tyranny of cause and effect, the Modern is supposed to praise himself as brave as Achilles, devout as Aeneas, and cunning as Odysseus, but without actually going to the trouble of being brave, devout or cunning.</p>
<p>Zeal, the adverse of sloth, is condemned as being the ghastly mental disease a workaholic, if not a fanatic. (Albeit, only Christian fanaticism is condemned. To condemn Islamic fanaticism is racist bigotry.)</p>
<p>Temperance, the adverse of gluttony, is condemned as being both joyless and a killjoy. What are you, a Puritan?</p>
<p>Patience, the adverse of wrath, is condemned as indifference to whatever imaginary complaint provokes the self-righteousness or panic of the panicky self-righteous. It is treason to defend the witch from the witch-hunter.</p>
<p>(I recall recently being called a “racist” on the grounds that I objected to calling researchers racists during discussions about unpleasant or politically incorrect empirical facts, rather than, say, questioning the facts. Hearing the case laid out by a rational if mistaken opponent on a scientific question is now one and the same as race-hatred. My accuser was careful to qualify his statement by saying that I was unaware or unwilling to admit my race hatred. Of course, my real thoughtcrime was being willing to be patient and non-wrathful with Goldstein during the Two Minute Hate.)</p>
<p>Generosity, the adverse of Avarice, and Love, the adverse of Envy, and Self-control, the adverse of Lust, are likewise dismissed as either treason to the cause, or mere imprudence, or psychological defects of repression, or sinister desires to control and punish and harm others.</p>
<p style="text-align: center;">*  *  *</p>
<p>The age is an age of confusion.</p>
<p>The loss of the center, soul and sanity of whole culture entails a complete repudiation and reversal of virtue and vice: the moral compass of the modern age points South rather than North, so that the greater a man’s desire for goodness and righteousness, the more swiftly will he be driven into vice and the more firmly planted in it.</p>
<ul>
<li><a href="../2010/08/what%E2%80%99s-wrong-with-the-world-part-xviii%E2%80%94more-confusion%E2%80%94the-role-of-incoherence/">What’s Wrong With The World Part XXI—More Confusion—The Role of Incoherence</a></li>
</ul>
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		<title>Avengers Assemble!</title>
		<link>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/avengers-assemble/</link>
		<comments>http://www.scifiwright.com/2012/05/avengers-assemble/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 06 May 2012 05:47:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John C Wright</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Fancies]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.scifiwright.com/?p=5509</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The new Avengers movie is extremely well done. Each character has his moment to shine, and the soap opera and the action are all in the fine old Marvel manner. Worth seeing in a theater. Also, to my surprise, there was no liberal &#8216;sucker punch&#8217; hidden anywhere in the film, no flourish of liberal credentials. [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The new Avengers movie is extremely well done. Each character has his moment to shine, and the soap opera and the action are all in the fine old Marvel manner. Worth seeing in a theater.</p>
<p>Also, to my surprise, there was no liberal &#8216;sucker punch&#8217; hidden anywhere in the film, no flourish of liberal credentials. There are even one or two lines uttered by Captain America so wholesome and reverent that I was pleasantly surprised, even proud, that the director Joss Whedan put storyline above partisanship.</p>
<p>It is a movie conservatives can love.</p>
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