In today’s episode of Philosophy 101, I continue to make a basic distinction first made by Aristotle sometime before 320 B.C. In other words, we are covering ground that was covered two thousand, three hundred and thirty years ago. Such is the nature of so-called progress.
Here are the questions of our friendly neighborhood radical materialist.
Q: I wonder if you could clear up a point: You have made a distinction between materialists and radical materialists. A radical materialist believes that all is matter; could you remind me what an ordinary non-radical materialist believes?
A: Gladly — A materialist believes all things are made of matter, but does not necessarily believe that mental substance does not exist, merely that mental substance will not be found absent a physical substrate: the non-radical he leaves the question open as to whether there is a mental or spiritual or ideal reality. A radical materialist is someone who believes that all things are made of matter and that no mental substance exists.
For example, Lucretius is a materialist, but be clearly believed in the mind and in the gods, but with the caveat that the mind and the gods were made of little subtle aetherical atoms of spirit-substance. Hobbes, on the other hand, was a radical materialist. He described the thoughts and motives of men as a type of clockwork.
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